T cells are immune cells that fight infection. In T-cell immunotherapy, some T cells are removed from a patient’s blood. Then, the cells are changed in a laboratory, so they have specific proteins called receptors. The receptors allow those T cells to recognize the cancer cells. The changed T cells are grown in the laboratory and returned to the patient’s body. Once there, they seek out and destroy cancer cells.
| T-Cell-based Immunotherapies | Indication | References |
|---|---|---|
| CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) | Hematology Malignancies:
| 1-17 |
| TCR-T (T-Cell Receptor) | HPV-associated cancers, such as:
| 18-23 |
| TAA-T (Tumor-Associated Antigen) | Variety of advanced cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. | 24-27 |
| TIL (Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes) | Variety of advanced cancers, such as glioma, colon cancer, breat cancer, colorectal cancer with liver metastases, etc. | 28-34 |
| scFv ICI (Short chain fragment Immune checkpoint inhibitors – cells or soluble ICI) | Variety of advanced cancers, such as Non-Small Cell lung Cancer (NSCLC), advanced metastatic breast cancer, etc. |
This decade, a lot of clinical trials regarding CAR-T therapy were carried out around the word. As of April 19, 2018, the information from Clinicaltrails.gov showed that more than 270 CAR-T related studies were undergoing clinical trials in many different countries.
By analyzing the overall response rate (ORR) and complete response rate (CRR) of CAR-T therapy in patients with different tumors, we found that the response rate was significantly higher for patients with hematologic malignancies compared to patients with solid malignancies.